National Bank of Kuwait (NBK) Research Proposal

National Bank of Kuwait (NBK) - Research Proposal Example Boubyan Bank, international Bank of Qatar, and Turkish bank are the associates of NBK. NBK is the first bank in the Middle East to set up an International Advisory Board. NBK plc is a subsidiary of the bank. It has two offices, one in London and the other in Paris. The bank provides retail services related to trade and finance and private as well as corporate banking services (National Bank of Kuwait, n.d.). Research Objective The objective of research is to determine the factors that led the bank to become one of the largest profitable banks in that part of the world and to determine the influence of consumer loyalty on the financial performance of the organization. The objective will also be to analyze how balanced scorecard can be made effective to identify the causal relationships between the perspective of the customers as well as the financial perspective. Research Question The following are the questions that are to be addressed. Is the bank operating at its efficiency level? Can the consumer level initiatives in the balanced scorecard affect the financial level? Which factors can be held responsible for attracting customers to the bank? How the managers taking the help of HR can manage the organization in a better fashion? To support the perspective of the customer, what are the characteristics that the division head of the organization desires in the approach of Balanced Scorecard? Is the future of the bank secured? Literature Review One of the objectives of the organization is to sustain with strong financial position. A trend of adoption of western practices of management like Balanced Scorecard is creeping up. It is based on the organizational structure and goes beyond the usual conventional accounting system. The interaction between the customer and the bank is categorized into three different levels. The first category is comprised of the services that do not require any human interaction like the online banking services. The second category invol ves the interactions of the customer service representatives. A combination of the first and second category constitutes the third category. It is believed that the bank did not have to suffer terribly in the crisis period, but some are of the opinion that the business was negatively affected. The bank used its image to help the members maintain the relation with the customers. However, with increasing competition in the markets, the members are putting in more effort to hold or attract customers in the bank. If the balanced scorecard was implemented properly, then such a situation could have been avoided. The conceptual framework identifies the utility of building strong relations with the customers and its impact on the financial performance of the bank (Dash and Tripathy, 2004, p. 10). A few more additions in the framework will help to drive the behavior of customers to achieve loyalty. The experienced leaders should deal with the task of communicating the strategic objectives an d initiate instant decisions. Three research strategies can be used in order to achieve the objective of the project-descriptive, explanatory and exploratory (Khazal, 2010). The scale and time of the project must be taken in consideration when determining the appropriate methods. The portfolio of retail loans of the bank is maintaining good quality, and it is anticipated to depict fair performance in the near future as well. The bank does not share great exposure to financing the buying of shares. The

Human Capital, Inequality and Growth in Transition Economies Essay Example for Free

Human Capital, Inequality and Growth in Transition Economies Essay Human Capital can be defined as the accumulation of competences and knowledge in individuals gained through education and experience, not forgetting their personality attributes. All these put together enable individuals effectivley perform profitable and revenue generating economic activities. Such competent persons in a society are at times reffered to as a workforce or laborforce. Some examples of investments in humans that result in human capital are education, health and training. As Becker says, human capital investments raise the earning ability of individuals, improve health and add to an individuals’ good habits. The term inequality generally refers to disparities in access to opportunities or resources amongst individuals, groups or even countries. Some of the common causes of inequality are; gender, race, age, geographical location and even cultural practices. Inequality normally results in observable differences in levels of growth and development of individuals or from one society to another. Education is the process through which individuals are able to acquire basic skills necessary for life. It is the understanding and interpretation of knowledge that empowers individuals to develop a logical and rational mind. The rational mind is then is able to determine relationships amongts pertinent variables, thereby fostering understanding. Education involves completing curriculum based fixed time achievements, aimed at building professional capabilities. At the individual level, it develops the capabilities and potentials of the individual so as to prepare them to be successful in a specific society or culture. In this case therefore, education serves an individuals’developmental needs. When education happens at the societal level, it is thus defined as a process by which society transmits to new members the values, beliefs, knowledge and symbollic expressions that make communication possible within that society. In this sense, education serves a social and cultural function. Roland (2000) says that transition economics, also known as transformation economics refers to a state whereby economies have gradually changed over from socialism to capitalism, an example being the former socialist economies. There is a shift from standardized prices and monetary theories to institutions geared towards a higher efficiency. This transition can only thrive if there is sustained government and political support. The Soviet Union in full, is known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), It was characterised by a single communist political party, a planned economy and the KGB security agency which closely monitored activities within the union. USSR was formed in December 1922 and by 1956, it was comprised of 15 countries with Moscow being the capital city. The fifteen countries included; Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Dissolution of USSR begun in 1985 and continued upto 1991, with the fifteen member states gaining their independence a few months before the Soviet Union collapsed in late 1991. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructuring of the administrative functions and development of a market based system was immediately embarked on through Yeltsins’ shock program. The aim was to improve standards of living, ensure equitable resource allocation, create new production avenues, promote liberalization, and provide incentives through privatization activities. However, a free and liberalised market did not come without ny challenges. By 1992 Russia suffered a deppressed life expectancy, twenty five percent of the population lived in abject poverty, there were low birthrates, and a downward sloping Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, due to increased investment activities, exploitatation of valuable natural resources and increased business development activites, the economy begun to make significant improvement. The aim of this paper is to explore how education as a factor of human capital and inequality influenced growth in transition economies, with respect to the former Soviet Union countries (FSU). Theoretical research Human capital with regard to education and levels of inequality both have an impact on the growth experienced in transition economies. This growth is therefore an end result of quality educational investments and equitable distribution and allocation of vital resources across a country. Such a hypothesis makes growth the dependent variable whose outcome is influenced by two independent variables namely; education and inequality. Observation of growth and development trends in transition economies and the developing world, have shown that education can have both positive and negative impacts on an economy. One of the positive impacts is that persons who possess the relevant knowledge and skills required by organizations are able to access better job opportunities as opposed to those who are poorly educated. In addition, high levels of education enable individuals to secure jobs in other countries, thus helping to alleviate the problem of unemployement in their mother country. Spagat (2002) observed that during Russia’s transition, intellectual individuals were more motivated to pursue more education opportunities and in return, became very successful in their careers. In regard to the economic transition in the former Soviet Union countries (FSU), educated parents who still held education in high esteem, were very focused on ensuring that their children acquired the same level of education as them or even higher. While on the other hand those parents who viewed education as a burden rather than an investment focused on the bare minimum, that is, basic education. The result of this attitude was that these particular families remained trapped at a basic education level and so was their access to income generating opportunities. Through education and training, individuals acquire problem solving skills and entrepreneur management skills which inturn, help them set up and operate successful ventures, in the process creating employment opportunities. In addition, as the field of education grows within a country with more universities, colleges, high schools and primary schools being constructed, more job opportunities are created in the education sector. Persons who are well educated are likely to secure better paying jobs, which inturn increases their purchasing power plus it increases the demand for goods and services available in the economy. The net effect of this, is creation of more job opportunites in the production and service sectors. These persons are able to improve their standards of living including those of their dependants. In addition, issues of health and fertility are decided upon from a knowledgeable point, (Newell and Reilly, 1999). Through education, individuals are exposed to society and they acquire important attributes and values that can help them enhance their capacity to interact and relate with other persons in society. As a result, they able to adapt and cope with the dynamics of the workplace. Last but not least, education as a contributor to human capital enhances economic growth and development in a country, since the human capital is equipped on how to exploit the countrys’natural resources profitably. Countries lacking this human capital are neither able to exploit their resources adequately, nor are they able to develop their economy at the desired pace. Barro (1998) argues that human capital enhances absorption and application of superior technologies from other countries. Young and educated persons under the guidance of the older folk are able to conduct research and development. The improved technology in a transitional economy enhances the speed and quality of production of goods and services, through improved and more cost efficient work processes. The young industries are in turn able to meet rising demands, both domestic and foreign hence increasing their revenues and taxes to the government. Munich et al (1999), argue that in a transition economy, government support and positive attitude towards investments in human capital is essential. The government has to allocate funds for example for building schools and also for enticing people to enroll in this schools. However, the maintenance of the enrollment levels is a continued process whose economic benefits are only realised over time as was seen in the Czech Republic. In support of this argument, Spagat (1995) warns that it is even though human capital takes years to accumulate, it actually takes a very short while to deteriorate, hence governments cannot afford to postpone this investment, even temporarily. The governments must ensure that education and other skills are transferred effectively from one generation to the next. Restructuring of education, needs to be done from the very beginning of the transition from socialism, in order to immediately improve educations’ quality. There is a multiplier effect that comes with better quality education. The first being an increased access to job opportunities, higher wages and consequently more tax revenue for the government. The major effect however, is that it sets the standards for future generations, both in terms of quality of education and future incomes, (Spagat, 2002). Fan et al (1999) said that the young people of Russia during the transition had little or no motivation to put effort to pursue education. This is because the education system had not been restructured to match the market-oriented system and therefore the returns were not high. World Bank (1995) accused Russia of concentrating on spewing out scientists and engineers instead of producing a mixture of professionals who would support the different sectors of Russia’s’ economy. They only increased between 1991 and 1994, but this human capital investment deteriorated again by 1996, (Brainerd (1998). In order to make ends meet, many dropped out of school and opted for jobs such as taxi drivers, street vendors and some even joined the Mafioso for a quick buck. All was not lost however, when we remember individuals like the Hungarian–American entrepreneur George Soros, who provided funds that would help these countries implement reforms for a better future. OECD (1996) advised that schools and tertiary institutions should not be the only avenues through which education is attained. OECD (1996) advised that adult learning should be encouraged in order to help the older generations access more income. In addition, pre-schooling of children below the age of formal schooling, which was a common feature of the FSU countries fostered child development and also prepared these children for formal education. In these former Soviet Union countries, the major advantage of pre-schooling their young children was in the fact that it freed the women to participate in economic activities, and it also reduced education disparities between children of the educated parents and those of the less educated parents. Micklewright (2000) wrote that investment in learning institutions ensures sustained educational gains. For example, in some of the Soviet Union countries, teachers earned wages so low that they spent their time looking for more income instead of teaching. In addition, repair and maintenance of the buildings was neglected and with lack of heating during winter, schools would be closed. The other problem was the shortage of textbooks. However, these countries tried to salvage the situation by offering meals at school between 1989 and 1996, in order to entice parents to take their children back to school. In countries such as, Yugoslavia, Armenia, Georgia, Tajikistan and Albania, the transition was characterised by serious geographical disparities caused by war, civil and ethnic strife. Facilities were destroyed, hundreds of families were displaced out of their homes and schools were closed, (World Bank, 1997b), thus slowing down the ongoing projects. Human capital is vital for growth of transition economies. Growth should be stimulated across all sectors of the economy and in each part of the country so as to rapidly raise the standards of living and reduce inequalities between urban and rural areas. Keen interest should be paid especially to rural areas, in order to eliminate the possibility of mushrooming of pockets of poverty across the country. According to Flemming and Micklewright (1999), ensuring that access to education is recognized by FSU countries as a human right as stipulated in international law, will greatly boost growth of human capital. Equal rights promote equal access to opportunities and it also reduces discrimination based on gender, race, religion or economic status. Income inequality rose in the Czech Republic and Russia and was very high between 1988 and 1996. In order to support a transition economy, Spagat (2002) suggests that a balance should be created between skilled and unskilled labour. This is because most young people either worked on a full time basis and neglected pursuit of higher education, or they pursued higher education and then begun working at a later stage. One of the negative impacts of education on a country is that by having too many educated persons, the labor market gets saturated thus resulting in a drop in the amount of wages that employers are willing to offer. In turn this acts as a demotivator of the labor force and may also result in brain drain whereby qualified personnel leave their mother country for better opportunities in other countries. The unemployed persons are normally seen resulting to social ills such as alcoholism, drug abuse and robbery amongst others. These social ills inturn dissuade local and foreign investors from putting their money in an unsafe country.

Concept of Hope in Nursing Practice

Concept of Hope in Nursing Practice INTRODUCTION The aim of this assignment is to explore the definition and concept of hope in relation with nursing practice. It will also focus on the significance of hope in individuals who are suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). In addition, the obstacles which can arise while inspiring hope in clients and the problem solving methods which can help to manage the barriers will also be identified. Nurses have an important role to instill hope in the patient which can help the patient to create a positive feeling. Therefore, the significance of the concept of hope is considered as an important aspect of discussion in this assignment. DEFINIING THE CONCEPT Hope is a concept which helps the people to fulfill their life with expectation of good things. According to Holt (2000) hope is an essential but dynamic life force that grows out of faith in God, is supported by relationship, resources and work, and result in the energy necessary to work for a desired future. Hope gives meaning and happiness. The life is more worth when filled with hope. It has great influence in the sick people who are living in the darkness of hopelessness as it gives an optimistic point of view to their disease condition especially, in the patients who are suffering from malignant disease such as cancer and AIDS. Moreover, it has universal phenomenon as it can be seen each and every countries and cultures. Hopelessness can be distinguished from depression and particularly in relation to health. Nurses should focus on hope than on the lack or loss of hope. According to peoples belief that hope is vital to life and that everyone has hope. According to Farran (1995) hope has a power to deliver positive feeling related to good health such as subjective well being, good social and physical status, somatic health and healthy lifestyles. Hope is characterized in many ways as it involves feeling, thoughts, actions and relationship. According to Rustoen (1995) hope is not an enduring state, it is a varying phenomenon. Hope has no age limit, it can be offered to any age group even in child or in aged people. Individuals are able to make a distinction between hope and expectancy as relating to both positive and negative situations. Hope is considered as an emotion or feeling (Rustoen, 1995) which helps to cope with any difficult situation in their life. So, hope can be considered as an acceptable emotion as it provides beneficial effect on patients. Hope is very useful when it is goal oriented, especially in the areas of rehabilitation, recovery, or health promotion. Stephenson (1991) stated that hope is vital in every persons life, as it helps them t o work constantly to achieve their goal or manage their present situation. For example, the patient who is suffering from an incurable disease has a strong feeling of loss and emotional stress. In such situations, hope has an important role in begining positive thoughts and prepare them to co-operate with the treatment regimens (Hinds and Martin, 1988).Thus, hope assists in improving the quality of care. Stephenson (1991) further suggested that, to impart hope in someone there are three appraisals needed such as; firstly, it is important the situation of the individual, secondly, the situation should have a potential to be incongruent with an individuals goals and finally, the situation involves uncertainty (unexpected future). In addition, hope is related to ones emotional status. Davison and Simpson (2006) claimed that it is essential that over all emotion of a person is associated with the hope, because, an optimistic point of view is needed for the positive outcome. There are so me other factors which help to perceive hope. The studies supported that the support of the society, self respect and self esteem and spirituality and religious support which are required for maintaining hope during illness (Stephenson, 1991). Moreover, hope is important as it is focused on how people can endure and look forward to life for the best despite of the difficulties in their life. In nursing care, hope has specific importance because the injured/ill persons need special attention for the rapid recovery. RELEVANCE OF HOPE IN NURSING PRACTICE Hope has a great influence in patient care as it is closely connected with nurses and nursing care. To provide a good nursing care to the patient, nurses should have the qualities like patience, expectation, suffering and ability to adjust with the situation. Hinds and Martin (1999) stated hope as a cornerstone of the role of the nurse. Further, Travelbee (1971) identified the nurses role to sharing the experience of hope with the patients and avoid the feeling of hopelessness. Nurses cannot transform the hope into the patient unless they have it. In the literature by Moores (2005) it is illustrated that the nurses should have a high level of self awareness and have hope in themselves in order to inspire hope in the patients. Moreover, nurses should create an interpersonal relationship with the patient by good communication. This will help the patient to establish a feeling of comfort, care, trust and confidence. Turner (1981) stated that hope is closely interconnected with nurses ev eryday life as well as work environment. However, the term hope used was not clear and ambiguous and this concept was not acceptable in the patient with chronic illness or incurable condition. Therefore, it is essential to create positive attitude in patient for their better future. Nurses have a vital role to generate positive expectation in patients. According to Moore (2005) hope is considered to be a positive concept that can make a difference to peoples lives. In addition, it also presented as a center concept of nursing practice because, it is closely linked with patients experience and improvement. In nursing, hope is considered as an essential perception which helps the nurses to facilitate or continue in others. Moreover, by encouraging patients with hope, nurses can create a positive energy among patient who is suffering with chronic diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Cutcliffe and Grant (2000) stated that relationship between the function of caring activity of helping , an d practice instilling hope in continuing care of cognitively impaired old adults within a continuing care , as basis for suggesting that inspiring hope to clients is one of the primary acts of psychiatric or mental health nursing. Thus, hope helps the cognitively impaired patient to display the qualities of faith and hope as well as will to live and love. Mostly, patient with chronic disease like cancer may have no hope in their life and they leave everything for their destiny. Brumbach (1994) points out that hope is the key encouraging factor which helps patient to go further with expectations. It is difficult to sustain hopefulness in patient without emphasize the importance of hope repeatedly because hope is an active process not passive. So, it is important to make sure that the active participation of patient and the nurse. Furthermore, the main barriers which resist inspiring hope in nursing practice, such as lack of knowledge and communication skill, fear about the disease co ndition, lack of emotional stability and expectation and lack of awareness regarding the treatment regimens (Scanlon, 1989). All these reasons will affect emotional outlook of the nurse. Moreover, recognizing these obstacles will help to understand more about hope and facilitate to provide good care to the patient. Nurses need to give more effort and concern to the patients who are seriously ill. The total health care team is needed for the care of patients. In another word a total team spirit is needed to achieve a goal which is planned for the patient care. However, to achieve a central goal in nursing practice or care, some certain hindrance will occur and it can be overcome through good communication with patients and family members, listing to patients problems, trust full relationship between patients and provide appropriate knowledge regarding diagnosis and prognosis of the disease condition. CONCLUSION To sum up, the concept of hope is applicable in all spheres of life and helps in dealing with the problems and difficulties which make the life stressful. Hope is a light in the life of patient. It helps the individual to maintain the strength of the person. Also for the family who knows about the prognosis of the patient, they prepare their self emotionally and practically. Hope is a belief of them. Always hope for the best. This is a essential part of life and for the human being. In this concept, different authors have different views about the concept. Word Count: 1434

Studies in Emotional Intelligence Essay -- Psychology Research Papers

Studies in Emotional Intelligence There is a growing interest in the concept of emotional intelligence, and with that growth is a gap between what we know and what we need to know. In the article, Emotional Intelligence: Issues and Common Misunderstandings, Robert J. Emmerling and Daniel Goleman inquire as to what emotional intelligence is, how it differs from other established constructs within psychology, whether or not it can be developed, whether or not it can be a better predictor of work performance than traditional measures of intelligence, whether or not it should be measured at all, and how it relates to ethics. Emotional intelligence has a potential utility in predicting a range of criterion across different populations, but its predictive validity depends on the context, criterion of interest, and specific theory used. Traditional intelligence measures have been unable to account for a significant portion of variance in career success and work performance. IQ was originally thought to account for twenty-five percent of how well people perform in their careers, while it was later discovered that IQ actually accounted for between four and ten percent. A more recent study found that IQ is a better predictor of work and academic performance than EI, but when it comes to becoming an extraordinary performer, IQ may be a less powerful predictor than EI. The failure of IQ to account for the variance between performance and success is especially evident among managers and senior leaders. IQ alone is unable to predict this as well as competencies that integrate emotional, social and cognitive abilit ies. Emotions and cognition are interwoven in the aspects of emotional intelligence, especially in interpersonal functioning, empathy, motivation, affective self-regulation, self-awareness, and complex decision-making. The range restriction on the variable of IQ among managers and senior executives may be the cause of IQ’s inability to predict the variance in performance among managers. Leaders must process a great deal of complex information on a daily basis, and that requires a high level of cognitive ability. IQ simply provides a basis on which to recognize a minimal capability that all who are within a certain job pool should have to keep their job. IQ should remain a predictor of the vocations that are available to an individual of a certain in... ...iduals may only receive feedback related to technical competence, people skills, or leadership style. For an individual to improve on any ability, he or she would need realistic feedback concerning their baseline abilities and progress. Providing valid and reliable feedback on specific emotional and social competence helps to provide individuals with insight into their strengths and areas for development. Providing a more balanced view and a supportive environment can help to overcome feelings of defensiveness that often undermine the development of emotional and social competencies. Emmerling and Goleman inquire as to whether or not EI is morally neutral of or if it interacts with an ethical dimension. In psychology, morality and ethics are treated individually in a dimensin beyond the issues at hand. Certain aspects of EI certainly tend to promote prosocial behavior. Self awareness must be deployed to act in accord with one’s own sense of meaning, purpose, and ethics. Empathy appears to be an essential step in fostering compassion and altruism. These two individuals stress that the progress of emotional intelligence is impressive, but there is still a lot to be discovered.

Alfred Edward Housman

A.E.Housman (Alfred Edward Housman) was born on March 26th 1859 in Fockbury, Worcerstershire. He was basically a classical scholar and an English origin poet. He was famous for his poem A Shropshire Lad. These short and poetic poems were written before the 19th century. The thoughful suggestion of fated youth in England, their auxilary, language and chracteristic description was appealing to the Geogian and and Edwardian composer prior and following the WW1.Housman was reckoned among the leading classic writers of his time. He had created a name for himself after printing as a private scholar and because of which he was selected as a Latin Professor at the College London University and than later at the prestigious Cambridge. His famous editions of Lucan, Juvenal and Manilius are said to be very well respected. With these settings of poetry, the generation was strongly linked and were also were much connected with the Shropshire poems as well. Alfred Edward Housman was the son of a c ountry solicitor and the eldest of his seven siblings. His sister Clemence Housman and Laurance Housman also became writers.A.E.Housman went to school at King Edward and than later to Bromsgrove school where he had a strong academic foundation and won numerous prizes for his poetry. He got a scholarship at St Johns College, Oxford in 1877 where he got education in classics.He was amazing in analyzing texts. He became so much involved into Texts that he did not retake philosophy and ancient history and even did not take a passing degree. He did not make much friends with his only friends being his roommates A.W.Pollard and Moses Jackson. Alfred Housman had a hard and usually reserved feelings for his friend Moses Jackons which were refused by Jackson as he was hetrosexual. This refusal by Moses led to Alfred unpredicted failure in his exams in 1881.Jackson got a clerk job in the Patent office in London and also got Housman a job there. They started sharing an apartmen with Adalbert w ho was the elder brother of Jackson. They stayed there till 1885 after which Housman moved into his own apartment on his own. In 1887 Moses married and moved to Karachi (Than in India) and later in 1982 Adalbert Jackson died. Alfred still continued to write classical studies on his own and also published some quality articles on numerous authors like Sophocles, Ovid, Aeschylus, Propertius, Horace and Euripides.In this period, Alfred managed to study Roman and Greek classics very throughly. He became a Latin Professor at Cambridge Trinity College in 1911 and till his death he had held the position. Alfred Housman managed to gain fame with his classic editions of the famous poets of Rome mainly Manilus, Juvenal and Lucan and also for his thorough and clever comments and his contempt for the unscholarly.Poems of Alfred Edward HousmanDuring his life Alfred Housman had managed to publish only two poetry volumes: One being published in 1896 by the name of Shropshire Lad and the other in 1 922 which was Last Poems.A Shropshire lad is a collection of his 63 poems with the majority written after his close friend Adalbert Jackons death in 1982. The main themes of the peoms were based upon unreturned love, green beauty, brief youth, sorrow, demise and the common soldiers patriotism. After his scripts were refused by many of the publishers, he decided to print them on his own expenditure which was a shock for his students and his colleagues.The Shropshire Lad was a rather slow in momentum to gain popularity, the arrival of war, at first in the Boer war and than later in WW1, gave this book a widespread popularity because of its regretfulness potrayal of the English troops. Numerous composers of music managed to make different setting of musical for the work of Housman which increased his popularity.

How to Find Seasonal Jobs That Pay Well (No Elf Costume Required)

How to Find Seasonal Jobs That Pay Well (No Elf Costume Required) This year major retail companies will be looking to fill nearly 80,000 temporary holiday positions. And other holiday-related businesses will also be hiring employees to get them through the next few (busiest) months. This year’s holiday gig market looks to be one of the highest in the last five years. Here are some tips on snagging a temporary gig to help pay for holiday presents!Look Beyond RetailThere’s much more to the holiday gig market than just low-paying sales gigs in retail outlets. Any company that needs extra help will be eager for contract employees and any workers with flexible scheduling that don’t need to be on salary. The more flexible you can be with your working hours, the better your chances at getting hired.Pay special attention to areas you might not expect to find jobs in, such as social media, marketing, recruiting, decorating, production design, photography, and customer service.Search SmartWhen applying, start with companies you know youà ¢â‚¬â„¢d like to work for, then branch out to search for openings with keywords like â€Å"holiday,† â€Å"temp,† or â€Å"seasonal.†Don’t Skimp on your Application PackageMake sure to treat each application as you would for a normal full-time, permanent position. That means a complete application, cover letter, references, etc. And if you get an interview, dress professionally. You never know who you’ll meet in the course of your holiday employment who could help you in your career moves in the new year.Start Looking NOWThe holiday hiring rush begins in October (though it’s never too late to start looking around!) and peaks in November. Jobs will typically run through January, even a bit later. And there’s always a chance that seasonal job will turn into something full time, if you are able to distinguish yourself on the job.

A Profile of Paul Williams, Architect to the Stars

A Profile of Paul Williams, Architect to the Stars During an age when racial prejudice ran strong, Paul Revere Williams (born February 18, 1894 in Los Angeles) overcame barriers and became a favored architect in Southern California. In 1923, he was the first Black architect to become a member of the national professional organization, the American Institute of Architects (AIA), and he rose to become a Fellow in 1957 (FAIA). In 2017, Williams posthumously received the Institutes highest honor, the AIA Gold Medal. Paul Williams was orphaned when he was four - his brother and parents died of tuberculosis - but his artistic talents were supported and encouraged by his new foster family. His non-Black public school teachers, however, gave little encouragement to Williams, citing the perceived difficulties of a Negro pursuing an architecture career within a largely white community. Nevertheless, he enrolled in the local engineering school and graduated in 1919 from the University of Southern California. He went on to New York City to become one of the first Black students to attend the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, an architectural experience modeled after the curriculum of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Williams was ambitious and self-assured after such rigorous study and especially after winning an important architecture competition when he was only 25. He opened his own practice back in LA when he was 28. As a Black American, Paul Williams faced many social and economic barriers. Williams clients were mostly white. In the moment that they met me and discovered they were dealing with a Negro, I could see many of them freeze, he wrote in American Magazine. My success during those first few years was founded largely upon my willingness - anxiety would be a better word - to accept commissions which were rejected as too small by other, more favored, architects. Much of what we know about Williams process is from this 1937 essay, I Am a Negro. He took to heart what he had been told about clients - that Black people couldnt afford architects and white people wouldnt hire a Black architect. So, he developed tricks to be less intrusive, almost subservient to potential white clients - most famously, he elegantly sketched upside-down to showcase his ideas to white clients while maintaining a physical distance. Perhaps it is this understanding of space that made this architect so successful. He used both physical and psychological tactics - he would consciously stand in a non-threatening posture with both hands behind his back while explaining that he normally doesnt take on projects in the lower price ranges, but hed be glad to offer some ideas. Williams most famously has said If I allow the fact that I am a Negro to checkmate my will to do, now, I will inevitably form the habit of being defeated. Being Black in a segregated industry led Paul Williams to develop salesmanship and become politically active. He joined the Los Angeles Planning Commission and he became the first Black member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1957, he was the first Black architect elected to the prestigious AIA College of Fellows (FAIA). Paul Williams collaborated with other architects on many of his larger, public projects, most famously for his role in designing the Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Some of Williams projects were with architect A. Quincy Jones, who worked with Williams from 1939 to 1940. Although the iconic, futuristic LAX structure is high profile architecture, Williams designed thousands of private homes in Southern California - many of the most beautiful houses in Hollywood are sold an resold to the ongoing star-making machine surrounding Hollywood. Williams designed homes for Lucille Ball, Bert Lahr, and Frank Sinatra, and he became close friends with Danny Thomas, for whom he did pro bono work for St. Jude Childrens Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. While there is no one distinctive look to his buildings, Paul Williams became known for designs that were stylized and elegant. The architect borrowed ideas from the past without using excessive ornamentation. He could make a Tudor Revival mansion look like a manor house on the outside and a cozy bungalow on the inside. Paul Revere Williams retired in 1973 and died in the city of his birth on January 23, 1980 in Los Angeles, California. Although few documents from his practice have survived, architectural scholars have compiled extensive records of Paul Williams life and works, including contracts, letters from clients, plans, and materials related to specific projects. Photographs, bibliographies, and other resources are posted online by the Paul R. Williams Project, coordinated by AIA Memphis, the University of Memphis, and other organizations. In the 1940s, Williams published two small books of plans that have remained in print. Also, author Karen E. Hudson, the granddaughter of the architect, has been documenting Williams life and work. The Small Home of Tomorrow by Paul R. WilliamsNew Homes for Today by Paul R. WilliamsPaul R. Williams Architect: a legacy of style by Karen Hudson, Rizzoli, 2000The Will and the Way: Paul R. Williams, Architect by Karen Hudson, Rizzoli, 1994 (for ages 8-12)Paul R. Williams: Classic Hollywood Style by Karen Hudson, Rizzoli, 2012 Sources Early African-American Members of the AIA (PDF); 2017 AIA Gold Medal, AIA.org; Architect of Hope, St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital; Williams the Conqueror by Shashank Bengali, University of Southern California Public Relations, 2/01/04

Daisy Miller and Catherine Sloper Essay Example

Daisy Miller and Catherine Sloper Essay Example Daisy Miller and Catherine Sloper Paper Daisy Miller and Catherine Sloper Paper The American writer Henry James wrote a great number of stories in which the role of the main character was a woman. He was very interested in the femenine world and this is the reason why he tried to explore what defines feminity in termes of genre. I have chosen two short stories about this author: Daisy Miller (1878) and Washington Square (1880). Their main characters are both heroines and they also have a lot of points in common but I have analysed the different techniques that James used to design the female characters of Daisy Miller and Catherine Sloper respectively because the different procedures meant inevitably different literary results. In a first attempt to analyse Daisy and Catherine we realise that they can be defined by opposite adjectives: Daisy is spirited, independent, well meaning, young, beautiful, flirtatious but also ignorant, shallow and provincial; on the other hand, Catherine is bad-looking, shy, plain and painfully. Consequently we could consider them highly distinct but, in fact, they are the one and the other women who have to face their reality by fighting against oppresive forces: Daisy against social conventions and Catherine against her tyrannical father. However in a deeper analysis we can observe that what becomes tremendously fascinating is the different methods that James develop to create the characters of Daisy and Catherine. The narrator of Daisy Miller presents the events as true. The method of the distant, first-person narrator who knows but is not knowledgeable, who is interested but not involved, has the effect of setting the whole story up within the framework of a piece of gossip. This scheme can be considered as ironic because the story itself is about gossip: the different things that one hears about people, the assumptions and prejudices one makes about them based on the things one hears and the difficulty of judging character based on the stories one hears. It provides a narrator who acts as an observer to the events described in the story rather than an omniscient narrator who informs the reader of the thoughts of the characters. In other words, James focuses on the external details which offers the reader a realistic perspective of the characters and leaves moral judgement to the readers. After a brief description of setting the story of Daisy Miller begins with an I. The I refers to the unnamed character who acts as a first person limited omniscient narrator limited to the point of view of Winterbourne. As a consequence, the reader cannot view all the descriptions as all-knowing and finite. In other words, the narrator is not an absolute authority. In order to reinforce this idea James uses intelligently verbs such as seem, or imagine to talk about Winterbournes opinions, to emphasize that we are provided all the information through his particular perspective. As Winterbourne, we as readers never know the real feelings of Daisy because James made an effort to provide only external elements. What is the opinion that the readers can have about the character of Daisy? It really depends on the particular interpretations of the different readers because we never have evidences about her innocence or her guilty in the story. At the end Winterbourne neither is assured about Daisys personality. In this context, the character of Daisy emerges without any effort from the writer of analysing her thoughts or feelings. We are never told the story from Daisys perspective so we can only have a piece of the story. Therefore the portrait of the young American lady who is travelling around Europe with her mother and her little brother is completely drawn by the others, by society and most particularly, by Winterbourne. When Daisy talks to Winterbourne or to Giovanelli her words do not seem especially relevant for the development of the story and it seems more important the way in which she is judged than the way in which she thinks about herself and her circumstances. As a conclusion it can be stated that in Daisy Miller the female character is designed by the others, that is, by comparison to the rest of people: the readers can not know what Daisy things or feels indeed because their perspective is limited to the people around Daisy and to their social prejudices. Now that I have analysed the method that Henry James uses to describe and to develop the character of Daisy it is the turn of Catherine Sloper. Mark Le Fanu points out how Henry James draws a complex character in his main character, Catherine: Character, necessarily, is depicted from outside and inside. Outside, that is to say, the impression made by Catherine on the other personages in the story; and inside, the impression made on Catherine as the events take their resolute course. In this sense, we can roundly say that Daisy and Catherine are particularly different. In Daisy the narrator emphasises a description from the outside, only taking into account the opinion and the thoughts of the rest of characters but not Daisy in itself. When faced with a problem, Catherines preference is to solve it internally, as illustrated in a conversation between her father and Aunt Almond: And, meanwhile, how is Catherine taking it? As she takes everything -as a matter of course. Doesnt she make a noise? Hasnt she made a scene? She is not scenic. Moreover, the readers are inevitably waiting for her to start standing up for herself.

Greek Mythology Focusing on Hesiod's Works and Days, Virgil's Georgics Essay

Greek Mythology Focusing on Hesiod's Works and Days, Virgil's Georgics and Hesiod's Theogony - Essay Example We can therefore conclude that the cosmogony, as well as the theogony, is a representation of the universality of the world. These are representations of the realistic order of the world. According to mythology, the universe has gone several states from generation to generation and yet humans are still considered part of creation that only serve the balance and harmony of creation. We have no authority or power that could surpass the power of the gods. Theogony and cosmogony are realizations of the governing of things in the universe. Humans are a part of creation and that they have the authority to manage other creations. They are considered more special compared to other worldly creatures. On the contrary, they cannot be as powerful as the gods. They cannot be on the same ground as the gods. The story of Prometheus was an example of this governing and ordering of things. He was punished for his disobedience, and this first part of cosmogony just shows how inferior or powerless humans are compared to the gods. The place or position of humans whether in Greek mythology or the Genesis story of creation expresses authority and governess over the other creations on earth. It is more definite than the story of power struggle among gods. As a whole, humans are the center of balance and harmony in the real world. Human beings have the authority to reestablish the earth or destroy its harmonious existence. This is true even in the modern time. The reality of human existence and its role in the universe is made the cosmogony and theogony have theorized. Gods are just myths, but human existence in this world plays a vital role in the orderly state of the

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the management of foot ulceration and its Literature review

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the management of foot ulceration and its efficacy within the lower limb - Literature review Example Wound in lower limb are common and have tendency to turn chronic. There are basically 3 types of ulcers which can present in the lower limb. They are venous stasis ulcers, arterial or ischemic ulcers and neuropathic or diabetic ulcers. It is important to identify the type of wound because management and prognosis are different for different types of wound. Venous stasis ulcers are mainly located below the knee and in the inner aspects of the leg just above the ankle, like the medial malleolus (Gabriel and Camp, 2008). They occur when inadequate action of the calf muscle to pump out blood results in venous hypertension (Gabriel and Camp, 2008). The base of the ulcer is usually red, the borders are irregular and the ulcer may be covered with yellowish tissue. Fluid drainage is a characteristic feature of venous ulcer. The surrounding skin will be discolored and swollen and may feel warm (Gabriel and Camp, 2008). Ischemic or arterial ulcers are usually located in the feet, especially in regions where there is friction between toes or parts of feet with shoes, or when there is a deformity. They are more likely to occur in the periphery where there is decreased blood supply. The ulcer base is yellowish, grey or black and does not bleed (Gabriel and Camp, 2008). The borders are initially irregular and later have a regular appearance. Neuropathic ulcers commonly occur in diabetic patients and they are usually located at pressure points on the plantar aspect of the feet. Neuropathy causes loss of foot sensation and also changes in sweat-producing glands increasing the risk of being unaware of foot trauma, injuries and callosities. The ulcers appear punched out with the surrounding skin callosed. The ulcer may appear pink or brown (Gabriel and Camp, 2008). Lower extremity ulcers have varied prognosis and are associated with many complications. They are the

Doesn't matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Doesn't matter - Essay Example As an accounting manager, only those costs and revenues should be considered that are altered as a result of the decision. Incremental costs and revenues get the prime importance in this decision-making tree. Cost is one of the most crucial factors of accounting when it comes to decision-making. "Cost behavior patterns" refers to the way in which cost behaves in connection with the level of activity. For instance in a project there are fixed costs and variable costs. Some costs increase as the project progresses while others remain fixed. Determining the minimum price quotations is crucial. This will help the company decide whether they should hire new technicians or not. It is not a final key in the decision-making. But this will give the managers the absolute minimum price. Beyond this, they can decide if they want to increase the sale price. The manager also needs to think in terms of overhead absorption. Dividing the total cost of technicians by the number of animals will give a cost per animal. This only gives a rough idea of the real cost of servicing each animal. As an accounting manager, it would be crucial to see what this extra work shift will mean in terms of cost/profit. A comparison of the profit statement when 12,000 test capacity is performed, with the profit statement when the additional shift of 18,000 tests is carried out, would be essential to judge the difference in terms of profit. There are certain factors that need to be included in case a decision is made regarding the additional workload of 18,000 tests. The greater the number of factors the more complicated the decision-making process. The presence of many options available for the company makes it difficult for accounting managers to ration and quantify the benefits across the board. The first factor to consider is whether the decision of taking on more technicians

Discuss why business ethics is concerned with issues of ''right'' and Essay

Discuss why business ethics is concerned with issues of ''right'' and ''wrong'' behavior in business context - Essay Example Further, a company with a bad reputation because of unethical practices tends to have difficulty when recruiting or maintaining its workforce. In many cases, job seekers prefer to work for institutions that uphold business ethics while giving them the opportunity to expand themselves within the organization (Miller & Jentz 2008:49). The result of this is that the effect of business ethics spills over to a company’s consumers because they experience satisfying services because of the unity that exists within a company. Potential employees also get attracted to companies with good reputation, not to mention buyers as well. Good ethics will improve the society. If no one dies or gets hurt at work, there is no exploitation, and no one is complaining, then that means the society is moving forward. Good ethics at work places creates a favorable working environment that means there is teamwork and coordination that leads to more productivity and higher profits. According to research, fair and sincere ethics like correction and motivation at the workplace contributes to employee growth and organizational commitment by employees as this instills values and treatment with respect (Parboteeah & Cullen, 2013:57). Additionally, corporate ethics also prevents criminal acts as it aids in detecting and reporting cases of theft and unethical conduct to the respective authorities. A company that observes the required business ethics operates within a sense of pride as its work force extends its reputation beyond the workplace, which influences a stronger public image. Scholars have established that the relationship that exists between ethics and good financial performance tends to attract positive result that may include prosperity for the company (Sims, 2003: 240). In many cases, the business ethics tends to influence corporate social responsibility and guided leadership. In this regard, this essay will delve in to the four alternative views of ethical behavior in busine ss enterprises and explain on its link with the definitions of corporate social responsibility using examples. As per the existing definitions, ethics defines the set moral code of principles that denote good or the opposite bad, right or the opposite wrong in an individual’s conduct. Essentially, an individual’s moral principles draws influence from family, culture, friends, learning institutions, religions, and personal experiences. Ethics and the moral code yield ethical behavior, which is relatively the acceptable ‘good’ and ‘right’ instead of the ‘bad’ or ‘wrong’ within the context of regulating moral code. In many cases, society and individuals tend to view anything practiced within legal parameters to be ethical, but this may not necessarily be the case (Schermerhorn 2011). A better-placed example of this would be the way in which women could not participate as voters in any democratic process because it was la w. On the contrary, a practice may not be illegal, but this does not warrant it ethical as adhering to the law may not be entirely ethical (Lussier 2012: 69). In relation to a business setting, there is no justification when an employee skips work in the guise that they are sick with their intention

Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Description - Essay Example Then I heard it, this shrilling scream of a young girl. I looked around and saw two kids tugging apart an iPad. The other one must be his brother, who looked older by two or three years. The mother tried to placate her children by promising that she would get her 4-year-old daughter her own iPad for Christmas. This scene surprised me because I have not considered how early materialism can shape children’s attitudes and behaviors, and it also shocked me because I cannot imagine why parents would give in so easily to their wailing children. A society that spoils their children with hypermaterialism spoils the future of their children. Hypermaterialism can be compared to an infectious disease; it usually spreads from parents to their children. I have to differentiate materialism, when people want the things they need but do not overly concern themselves with getting material things all the time, and hypermaterialism, when people always want more and more things, without ever thin king if they need them and if they can actually use them. The four-year old girl had curly blonde hair down to her shoulders. She looked chubby but not overweight, and she wore a pink Guess dress with Guess boots. She wore a golden bracelet and a golden necklace. The necklace had a golden locket. Golden star earrings donned her ears. I saw some faint make-up on because her pink cheeks had a glittery look and her lips had the same red hue as her mother’s. ... I saw two nannies at each side of the kid. They were both holding the kids back, or trying to, as the frantic mother pacified her children: â€Å"Ashley, okay, okay, I will buy you your iPad. It will be your early birthday gift, alright? This is your brother’s iPad, you gotta give that back to him!† Ashley answered through tearful eyes: â€Å"Promise Mommy? Okay, now I just want that pink ice cream over there.† The mother gave some money to one nanny and she hurried off. She gave the ice cream to Ashley, who immediately licked it. With a disgusted look, Ashley complained: â€Å"This is most awful!† And before the nanny knew what hit her, Ashley stuck the ice cream to her blouse and snickered. Her brother laughed while their mother suppressed a smile and said: â€Å"Ashley! Tina, go ahead and clean yourself up. Ashley, I’m never gonna buy you anything again!† Ashley looked at her mother and said: â€Å"That’s not true.† Then she walked away while the remaining nanny silently followed her. Parents cannot complain about the attitudes of their children if they are bad role models. If they cannot show their children how to value money properly, they will never value the things that are bought for them. Aside from learning the value of money, children need discipline and guidance to know how to treat others, especially to see others as human beings and not objects. Tina passed me by; I could smell the pink strawberries from her blouse. I remembered how much I liked strawberry ice cream with strawberry seeds that tickled my tongue, but this scene just ruined it for me. I saw her wiping her tears and felt sorry for her. If she is crying, she might be someone new to this household. If she is new, it means that nannies rarely stay long in this family. And something

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Essay

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau - Essay Example This is a study about the political theory of John Locke and the political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau. In addition, the study will highlight and discuss how the thinking of Locke and Rousseau fit into the period of Enlightenment. The study will start with a discussion of the political theory of Locke, followed by a discussion of Rousseau’s political theory, and then end with how their thinking fits into the period of enlightenment. The political theory of John Locke John Locke can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of liberal philosophy, which lays emphasis on limited government and individual rights. In his arguments about the state of nature, Locke noted that nature is characterized by scarcity of things to eat or wear. Therefore, human beings must work extremely hard to get food to eat and other necessities. Two things happen as a result of this hard work; first, a person survives. Secondly, a person creates property by mixing labor with the natural resources t o create food, shelter, and cloth (Bode 4). Locke argued that problems might arise with property since it can be detached from the individual. In the state of nature, many people may be willing to solve the problem of scarcity by snatching a person’s property. Through this struggle, the idea of government comes into being. Locke hypothesized that men entered the society with the ultimate aim of preserving their property. People sacrifice their freedom in the state of nature and join others in a protective government... God does not choose kings; people invent kings to protect property. On the limitations of government, people have the authority to replace leaders if they fail to perform their duties as expected (Bode 6). The political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Rousseau can be regarded as a significant figure in the development of philosophical thought in the eighteenth century. He was one of the scholars who developed the political theory, which would later influence the age of revolutions, especially the French and American Revolutions. On the nature and society, Rousseau noted that man’s natural state could be more preferred than the civil or social state. In his Discourse on equality, Rousseau argues that man tends to appear as the solitary salvage and lives a carefree life (Qvortrup 76). In his classical work on political theory, The Social Contract (1762), Jean notes that ‘Man was born free, but is everywhere in chains’. This expressed his belief that the society has corrupted man. He argues that people recognize a general will, which is collective (Qvortrup 78). This general will should represent the common good or the interest of the public. All citizens should take part and show commitment to the general good. This should happen even if it means that people should act against their personal or private interests. For example, people may support a political party that proposes to impose heavy taxes if they have high income. This would not hurt as the taxation will bring considerable benefits to all persons. To Rousseau, therefore, a loyal citizen should not put their private interests first. He argued that when people do not put their personal interests first, equality and

Discuss why business ethics is concerned with issues of ''right'' and Essay

Discuss why business ethics is concerned with issues of ''right'' and ''wrong'' behavior in business context - Essay Example Further, a company with a bad reputation because of unethical practices tends to have difficulty when recruiting or maintaining its workforce. In many cases, job seekers prefer to work for institutions that uphold business ethics while giving them the opportunity to expand themselves within the organization (Miller & Jentz 2008:49). The result of this is that the effect of business ethics spills over to a company’s consumers because they experience satisfying services because of the unity that exists within a company. Potential employees also get attracted to companies with good reputation, not to mention buyers as well. Good ethics will improve the society. If no one dies or gets hurt at work, there is no exploitation, and no one is complaining, then that means the society is moving forward. Good ethics at work places creates a favorable working environment that means there is teamwork and coordination that leads to more productivity and higher profits. According to research, fair and sincere ethics like correction and motivation at the workplace contributes to employee growth and organizational commitment by employees as this instills values and treatment with respect (Parboteeah & Cullen, 2013:57). Additionally, corporate ethics also prevents criminal acts as it aids in detecting and reporting cases of theft and unethical conduct to the respective authorities. A company that observes the required business ethics operates within a sense of pride as its work force extends its reputation beyond the workplace, which influences a stronger public image. Scholars have established that the relationship that exists between ethics and good financial performance tends to attract positive result that may include prosperity for the company (Sims, 2003: 240). In many cases, the business ethics tends to influence corporate social responsibility and guided leadership. In this regard, this essay will delve in to the four alternative views of ethical behavior in busine ss enterprises and explain on its link with the definitions of corporate social responsibility using examples. As per the existing definitions, ethics defines the set moral code of principles that denote good or the opposite bad, right or the opposite wrong in an individual’s conduct. Essentially, an individual’s moral principles draws influence from family, culture, friends, learning institutions, religions, and personal experiences. Ethics and the moral code yield ethical behavior, which is relatively the acceptable ‘good’ and ‘right’ instead of the ‘bad’ or ‘wrong’ within the context of regulating moral code. In many cases, society and individuals tend to view anything practiced within legal parameters to be ethical, but this may not necessarily be the case (Schermerhorn 2011). A better-placed example of this would be the way in which women could not participate as voters in any democratic process because it was la w. On the contrary, a practice may not be illegal, but this does not warrant it ethical as adhering to the law may not be entirely ethical (Lussier 2012: 69). In relation to a business setting, there is no justification when an employee skips work in the guise that they are sick with their intention

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Essay

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau - Essay Example This is a study about the political theory of John Locke and the political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau. In addition, the study will highlight and discuss how the thinking of Locke and Rousseau fit into the period of Enlightenment. The study will start with a discussion of the political theory of Locke, followed by a discussion of Rousseau’s political theory, and then end with how their thinking fits into the period of enlightenment. The political theory of John Locke John Locke can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of liberal philosophy, which lays emphasis on limited government and individual rights. In his arguments about the state of nature, Locke noted that nature is characterized by scarcity of things to eat or wear. Therefore, human beings must work extremely hard to get food to eat and other necessities. Two things happen as a result of this hard work; first, a person survives. Secondly, a person creates property by mixing labor with the natural resources t o create food, shelter, and cloth (Bode 4). Locke argued that problems might arise with property since it can be detached from the individual. In the state of nature, many people may be willing to solve the problem of scarcity by snatching a person’s property. Through this struggle, the idea of government comes into being. Locke hypothesized that men entered the society with the ultimate aim of preserving their property. People sacrifice their freedom in the state of nature and join others in a protective government... God does not choose kings; people invent kings to protect property. On the limitations of government, people have the authority to replace leaders if they fail to perform their duties as expected (Bode 6). The political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Rousseau can be regarded as a significant figure in the development of philosophical thought in the eighteenth century. He was one of the scholars who developed the political theory, which would later influence the age of revolutions, especially the French and American Revolutions. On the nature and society, Rousseau noted that man’s natural state could be more preferred than the civil or social state. In his Discourse on equality, Rousseau argues that man tends to appear as the solitary salvage and lives a carefree life (Qvortrup 76). In his classical work on political theory, The Social Contract (1762), Jean notes that ‘Man was born free, but is everywhere in chains’. This expressed his belief that the society has corrupted man. He argues that people recognize a general will, which is collective (Qvortrup 78). This general will should represent the common good or the interest of the public. All citizens should take part and show commitment to the general good. This should happen even if it means that people should act against their personal or private interests. For example, people may support a political party that proposes to impose heavy taxes if they have high income. This would not hurt as the taxation will bring considerable benefits to all persons. To Rousseau, therefore, a loyal citizen should not put their private interests first. He argued that when people do not put their personal interests first, equality and

Cuban Revolution Essay Example for Free

Cuban Revolution Essay The effects of the Cuban Revolution on women’s lives and gender relations in Cuba from 1959 to 1990 include that some say women have not reached equality yet with men, women gained more opportunities for themselves, economy and politics, and also how women still had responsibility for children and home, not men. One effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was the thought that women still have not reached equality with men. Ofelia Dominguez Navarra (#1), a female Cuban socialist feminist, believes an effect of the Cuban Revolution will change the social status of women to be less patriarchal. As a Cuban feminist, she probably believed this because the revolutionaries could change the Cuban Civil Code. Fidel Castro (#5), the Cuban president, believes an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women’s gender relations is that they will still be discriminated against, but will take some more time before women have full equality. Castro probably has this point of view because his audience was women and he wanted to be realistic so they understand the effort it is going to take to stop the oppression of women. Alina Fernandez (#6), a new mother and the daughter of president Castro, believes that despite the Cuban Revolution, there was no effect change in women’s rights in the home. Being expelled by her own father, she probably believes this because she lost her future job and now must struggle on her own to support her baby. An additional document that would help see their point of views how women did not gain much would be a letter from a single mother or supporter that did not get help with her problems. This would be helpful because it would show that even after the revolution, there was not a great effect for some women in a good way, and possibly even made it a harder life to care for her kids and herself. Another effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was that women gained more opportunities for themselves, economy, and politics. Yolanda Ferrer (#2), a female politician of Cuba, expresses her belief that an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was that a school for peasant women was created to teach basic job skills. As a woman, she probably believed this was good because it educated women and got them out of the house into jobs, which they had previously been excluded from. Genoveva Diaz, daughter of a Cuban revolutionary (#4), states her belief in an interview in 1970 that an effect on women from the Cuban Revolution gave women more opportunities to work in society and become equal to men. She probably had this point of view because before the revolution, women did not have freedom, money, or facilities to study; which are accessible now for women to use and work in society. A Cuban mother interviewed by a United States journalist in 1980(#7), believes that an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was the Family Code introduction, which guarantees equal rights to women in their homes. She probably believes this because day care centers help them and her daughters are able to collect an education. The United Nations, along with other international organizations (#8), collected data from Latin American communities to show that an effect of the Cuban Revolution was that women went from being significantly less educated than men to ability to be equally literate and involve a contribution to the economy. They had this point of view because of the social changes happening between 1953 and 1982 that caused the illiteracy rate of women to drop, as well as men, and increased the participation of women in the economy. The Communist Party (#9), showed an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women over time had an increased say in government and women’s rights. As politicians in Cuba, the Communists party published this because it made them look like a better political party due to the increased number of women participating in political matters, which they approve. An additional document that would be helpful seeing the positive effects of the revolution would be a speech from a political leader about how the growth of women has been surprising and helpful to the country. This would help because it would recognize how women’s contributions are needed to strengthen the country and prosper. Also, an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women was how women were still responsible for taking care of the children and home, not the men. A male Cuban revolutionary sympathizer (#3), expresses his thoughts about women’s rights to an anthropologist in 1969, believing that an effect on women’s lives from the Cuban Revolution was that it gave women more freedom by gaining jobs, which he thought was wrong. As a male Cuban, he has this belief because it takes power away from men and time away from household tasks that aren’t preformed throughout the day by the woman. Vilma Espin, a female scientist, president of the Federation of Cuban women, and a member of the Cuban Communist Party’s Central Committee (#10), believes an effect of the Cuban Revolution on women is that they created a more stressful life to handle. She probably believes this because women gained jobs, but are still held responsible for raising children and household chores, rather than men contribute. An additional document that would be helpful on understanding this effect would be a journal entry or letter from a wife with children who had a job, creating a â€Å"double work shift. This would be helpful because we would get a look at first hand experience how hard and tiring it was to be responsible for so many things at high expectations from men. Thus, the effects of the Cuban Revolution on women’s lives and gender relations in Cuba from 1959 to 1990 include that some say women have not reached equality yet with men, women gained more opportunities for themselves, economy and politics, and also how women still had responsibility for children and home, rather than men.

Pay As You Earn (PAYE) System: Advantages and Disadvantages

Pay As You Earn (PAYE) System: Advantages and Disadvantages PAYE (Pay as you earn) was first introduced in year 1944. This is a system used by HMRC (HM Revenue Customs) to collect Income Tax and NICs (National Insurance contributions) from employees pay, including directors of limited companies, as they earn it. OPERATION OF PAYE SYSTEM Under PAYE system, employers are responsible to deduct both Income Tax and NICs from employee when paying them their wages or occupational pension. Employers are required to operate PAYE on the payments make to employee if the employees earnings reach the LEL (National Insurance Lower Earning Limit). For tax year 2010-11 (6th April 2010 to 5th April 2011), LEL is  £97 a week,  £421 a month or  £5,044 a year. The tax rate charged for earning not more than  £37,400 is at 20 percent, earnings more than  £37,400 but less than  £150,000 is at 40 percent and earning above  £150,000 is at 50 percent. A tax code and National Insurance category letter determines the amount of income tax and NICs deductable from employees wages or pension will be issue by HMRC. Employees with earning less than  £110 are exempted from making NICs. Employees with earning more than  £110 but less than  £844 per week will need to pay 11 percent and employees with earning is more than  £844 per week will need to pay 1 percent. Before the tax year starts, usually in January or February, forms P9T or P9X will be given to employers to tell them about the tax codes that to be use for each employee. In the event if HRMC do not have enough information to issue a full tax code to employers, employers will then be told to use the emergency tax code until more information is received and the tax code can be adjusted. A tax code is usually made up of one or more numbers followed by a letter. By multiply the number by ten, the employee will be able to obtain his total income earn in a tax year before any tax deduction. The employee will be getting the same take-home wages each week or month as the tax code spread this tax-free amount equally over the year. See appendix for the common tax letters. Any changes example, employee receiving a second income, employers are expected to inform HMRC accordingly, as this will affect the tax code. Employers were to provide each employee a pay-slip or pay statement at or before the payday and pay HMRC the income tax and NICs by 19th of each month or by the 22nd if payment is made through electronic. Employers whose payments to HMRC do not exceed an average of  £1,500 are allowed to make quarterly payments. If the correct amount was not send in or late sent in, interest may be charged. At the end of each tax year, 5th April 2011, form P60 stating the summary of the employees pay and deductions is to be provided before 1st June following the end of the tax year, 1st June 2011. After the end of the tax year, no later than 19th May 2011, employers must send HMRC the form P35 and P14s summarising the total payroll figures for the year. PROCEDURES WHEN TAXPAYER CHANGES JOB When one employee left their old job, a form P45-Details of employee leaving work should be given to him by his previous employer. Information for Part 1 and 2 must be completed. If the employees last day of work falls on 6th December 2010, this form should reflect the National Insurance number, tax code and total wages and tax as of 6th December 2010. This form P45 will be then given to the new employer when the employee joined onboard. Information for Part 3 will then be complete. The employee will be able to claim back the tax if he started the new job within four weeks after leaving the old job. This tax refunded will be made two to three weeks later if the employees wages is paid on a weekly basis, or included in the pay-slip if his wages is paid on a monthly basis In the event if no form P45 is given to the new employer, employee will need to complete the form P46-PAYE notice of new employee. HMRC will process the form P46 and revise the tax code if necessary. If too much tax is paid, employer will make the necessary refund. Form P46 is only necessary if employee is not a student whom works solely during their school holiday and employee is not working for one week or less. If first pay-day falls on the 1st January 2011, form P46 information must be provided by employee before his first pay-day and employer must send in the form (both form P45 or P46) not later than the employees first pay day, which is 1st January 2011. Although send in forms can be done online or paper form, it had been becoming compulsory for all employers to file the in-year forms online. In-year forms include form P45 and P46. Companies with more than 50 employees should already be filing their in-year forms online. They will be penalty if they file form P45 or P46 on papers. Companies with less than 50 employees are required to file their in-year forms online with effect from 6th April 2011. In the event If the employee decided to retire or stop working, he can claim back the tax payable from HMRC, by completing form P50-Claiming tax back when you have stopped working. COMPARE AND CONTRAST OF PAYE SYSTEM AND SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM In the view of HMRC and a taxpayer, both PAYE system and self-assessment system works about the same as both systems are meant to use to identify employees and self-employed individuals incomes or pension in each tax year. Most employees in UK paid their tax due on their income or pensions to HMRC through PAYE system. However, employees like company director, even if they are already taxed through PAYE system, they will still required by law to complete a tax return. Employees whom earned proceeds from sales of certain assets (capital gain) will either need to inform employers so that they can include this income under PAYE system or they can complete a tax return. Beside the company director, self-employed individuals or trustee or individuals having foreign income will also be required to complete a tax return and inform HMRC about their incomes or profits. Both employers and self-employed individuals have to first register under HMRC before any tax submission or tax payments. Employers have to register under HMRCs PAYE online for employers service, while all self-employed individuals must register for self-assessment and obtain the tax return form. Self Assessment tax returns will be send out by HMRC in April each year (which is April 2011 for Tax Year 2010-11), for online filing, a letter called Notice to File will send instead. A Self Assessment registration form is need to be complete if individual has never file a tax return before. Although the PAYE system and self-assessment system operate in the similar way, the type of forms used under these two systems are different. Under PAYE system, employers are expected to send HMRC the form P35 and P14s summarising the total payroll figures for the employee for the year. Under the self-assessment system, different forms are being used. Being self-employed, individual has to complete form CWF1 to register and inform HMRC about their business nature. Being not self-employed, individual has to complete SA1 instead. The deadline for tax submission and payment for both systems are also difference. Under PAYE system, Under PAYE system, employers are to pay HMRC on a monthly basis, by 19th of each month or by the 22nd if payment is made through electronic, if tax amount is more than  £1,500. If tax amount is less than  £1,500, employers can pay HMRC on a quarterly instead of monthly basis. Under self-assessment system, for paper tax return, it must reach HMRC by midnight of 31st October. For online tax return must reach HMRC by midnight of 31st January. For example, tax year 2010-11, paper tax return deadline is 31st October 2010 and online filing is 31st January 2011. In term of tax payment, for tax year 2010-11, first payment falls on 31st January 2011, second payment falls on 31st July 2011, and the balance payments falls on 31st January 2012. Penalty will be charged if tax return is not received on time. Comparing the PAYE system with self-assessment system, tax payments for self-assessment are split into 3 payments, while under PAYE system payments are made either on monthly basis or quarterly basis. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PAYE SYSTEM AND SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM No system is prefect, to a taxpayer or HMRC, PAYE system and self-assessment system has its own advantages and disadvantages. As a tax-payer under self assessment system, individuals benefit from the lower rate of NICs. Apart of this, under self-assessment system, self-employed individuals can enjoy the cash-flow advantage of not having paying their tax on a monthly basis as tax payments are split into three payments. However they will still face this split payment as disadvantage. This is so when the deadline date reaches 31st January. Under self-assessment, individuals need pay taxes for two tax years on 31st January, first payment for tax year 2010-11 and balance payment for tax year 2009-10. As a tax collector, self-assessment system helps to collect tax for benefits. A taxpayer whom is an employee of a company, he may entitle to some benefits like company car etc. This benefit is not included in the pay-slip therefore not taxed through PAYE system. With self-assessment system, taxpayer will need to include this benefit-in-kind. Under PAYE system, when employee changes job, form P45 is supposed to be provided by previous employer to employee. When form P45 is not issue, new employer will need to complete form P46. Often when new employer do not received the code notice or form P45 on time, it is possible that tax calculation will be incorrect. Another disadvantage of PAYE system is that, under PAYE system, forms P9T or P9X will be given to employers to tell them about the tax codes that to be use for each employee. However employee with more than one source of income tends to be confused of what tax code to be used. This will lead to incorrect deductions of tax for the taxpayer which resulted in either tax over-deducted or under-deducted. Also when a taxpayer turn from 65 or 75, he qualifies for age-related relief, tax code should change. For such cases, HMRC may or may not change the tax code automatically. If tax code is not change, taxpayer might ended up paying more tax. Based on the recent news released early year of 2010, due to the new PAYE system, wrong tax code was issued, which caused taxpayer paying more tax. Due to this incident, HMRC is trying to improve the operation of PAYE system.

The War in Iraq is Not Justifiable Essay -- Bush War Democracy Argumen

The War in Iraq is Not Justifiable Thousands of young men and women are sent overseas to be killed or injured only to return crippled for life or in a coffin. I commend all in the military for their service and I would never disrespect any soldier. In fact, my best friend?s brother entered the United States Navy out of high school and has served three years so far; he is in active duty serving on an aircraft carrier. I have the same feelings about the war in Iraq. I continually ask myself why thousands of men and women, injured or dead, may not know the purpose of this war. Like many Americans, I understood the reason for the invasion of Afghanistan, but the purpose of this war has been faulted from the beginning. An innocent woman?s fiancà © does not deserve to die in a foreign country for false motives. At first, our President told the citizens of the United States that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. This has now been proved false. This leaves troops thousands of miles from home fighting in an unfamil iar land for no purpose. Millions of Americans were led into this war under phony pretenses. I am in, and will always be in, support the United States Army and troops from every nation, but when thinking of the question ?What was our purpose I cannot mull any answers. In the very heartbreaking documentary Last Letters Home, the parents, friends, and wives of deceased soldiers, read the letters they received from their loved ones. This documentary, produced by The New York Times in conjunction with HBO, tells the demoralizing stories of killed soldiers in Iraq. It gives an idea of what regular men and women in the armed service go through on a daily basis. Shelly, a twenty-year-old from New Berlin, Wisco... ...y the Answer?. MIT Press: 1997. ?Farenheit 9/11.? Dir. Michael Moore. Columbia Tristar. 2004 Hamilton, William. Who Voted for Hitler?. Princeton University Press. 1982. ?Hero.? Dir. Yimou Zhang. Buena Vista Home Vid. 2004. Kaiser, Davis. American Tradegy. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2000. Logevall, Fredrik. Choosing War. Berkeley: University of California Press. Mearsheimer, John and Stephen Walt. ? Iraq: An Unnecessary War.? FP January, February 2003. Postel, Danny. ?Realistpolitik.? Dispatches. May 2004: 11-13. ?Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election.? Dir. Joan Sekler. Sony Pictures. 2002. Walt, Stephen. Revolution and War. Cornell University Press: 1997. E-reserve Texts 1. Chalmer?s Johnsons?s Blowback 2. Lawrence Corb ? Rumsfeld?s Follies 3. Martin Peretz ? Without Sin

Alexander Graham Bell Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander Graham Bell, a man who best known for inventing the telephone. Most people don’t know he spent the majority of his life teaching and helping the deaf. Educating the hearing impaired is what he wished to be remembered for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. His mother was a painter of miniature portraits and also loved to play the piano even though she was nearly deaf. Aleck’s mother knew that he had a talent for music and always encouraged him to play (Matthews 12). Alexander Melville Bell, his father, was a â€Å"Professor of Elocution,† Art of public speaking (Bruce 16). Due to the fact that his father was a very knowledgeable man and a professor, Aleck obtained most of his education from his father and soon followed in his footsteps. Aleck had only two siblings, Melville James Bell, â€Å"Melly,† and Edward Charles Bell, â€Å"Ted† (Schuman 127).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aleck’s father took a trip over seas in 1868 to see if Americans would take to his new ideas of speech. Alexander Melville Bell was so impressed that he decided to move the entire family. They did not purchase an estate in the United States. However they did buy an estate in Brantford, Ontario, Canada where there were an abundance of Scottish immigrants. Alexander Melville Bell still continued to make trips to Boston to lecture on â€Å"visible speech† (Schuman 39). Aleck’s father was offered a teaching position at the Boston School for the Deaf. He did not take the job but suggested that Aleck take the position instead. Alexander Graham Bell took the teaching position in April of 1871, and was on his way to the Boston School for the Deaf (Schuman 39).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander Graham Bell’s, number one passion in life was helping the hearing impaired. Children learn to talk by hearing other people talk, and then they learn to speak by unconscious imitation. Deaf children do not have this option; they cannot imitate anything and therefore have to be taught by other means. Aleck thought that to teach a deaf child to speak consisted of having the child know how to make the sound by using different positions of their mouth. Slowly combining the sounds would make words and again would result in speech. Aleck tried a numerous number of methods. The method of Visible Speech was one of the ways that Aleck was able to teach his stude... ...lliant man and has changed the lives of many people around the world with or with out hearing impairment. His method of â€Å"Visual Speech† was great because it got the student to know how to use the organs in their mouths and be able to talk. To think that the telephone was originally going to be used as a device to help the hearing impaired is surprising because it ended up being used as a devise that people around the would use everyday to commutate. Alexander Graham Bell affected the world more directly by the invention of the telephone, but this could not compare to the gift of speech that he was able to offer to his students. Bell, Alexander Graham. The Mechanism of Speech. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1908. Bruce, Robert V. Bell Alexander Graham Bell and the conquest of solitude. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1973. Matthews, Tom L. Always Inventing a Photo biography of Alexander Graham Bell. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1999. Mackenzie, Catherine. Alexander Graham Bell The Man Who Contracted Space. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1928. Schuman, Michael A. Alexander Graham Bell Inventor and Teacher. New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, 1999.

Asian Adolescents Career Insights Education Essay

This essay pertains to Asiatic striplings ‘ calling development ; specifically it pointed out issues and challenges among striplings draw a bead oning to complete a college grade. Social constructivism and Emic attacks were taken into consideration as lenses to amplify civilization specific issues of calling development and instruction among Asiatic striplings. A qualitative method was used by the writer to capture the lived calling development and instruction experiences of striplings. A modified consensual qualitative method was employed to analyse the narrations of 10 Filipinos, 10 Chinese-Filipinos and 10 Korean Adolescents enrolled in a University. A questionnaire was used to explain subjects as guided by the models of Super ( 1963 ) and Savickas ( 2005 ) . The survey cited civilization, household influence, values, perceived success and function theoretical accounts as of import factors in taking course/ plan and developing calling programs in the hereafter. Adolescents are expected to make up one's mind what class to take after their secondary schooling. Career determination devising is a important undertaking among striplings as it is become portion of their personal accommodation and self-identity. A Career is like a perennial dream, it is ever in advancement, until eventually this dream becomes so graphic and existent. It is nice to detect how kids function drama and so someday witness as they become a professor of a well-known university or watch a kid drama with rocks and so see the same kid go an applied scientist of high-rise edifices. Parents are eager to see their kids as successful persons, while instructors are really much fulfilled to see them boom in their chosen professions. In western states, calling instruction plans are introduced even in station primary and secondary degrees. In fact, Wood in 1990 prepared calling plans for 9th graders which composed of completion of calling studies, reading, and calling research for future involvements, and planning. 10th graders on the other manus learn about life planning, and larn household influences, parental engagement, every bit good as life timelines. 11th graders take pre-college trials such as the SAT ( scholastic aptitude trials ) to find farther educational and calling ends. Students are besides exposed to personality and values appraisal, and do firsthand observations of work and parttime occupations to acquire acquainted with their hereafter calling programs. Unfortunately, in the Philippines, one time consequences of the SATs are released to the pupils, there is no single reading of the consequences and some schools even mishandled the informations by flashing the tonss on immense tarpaulins as if the pupils had topped a board test. I have observed that educational and selling offices of most colleges and universities in the Philippines apportion financess to advance their plans and establishments. Senior high schools pupils attended calling seminars prepared by their school counsellors. Speakers are alumni/ae of their schools who normally speak of their college experiences, success, and adversities. Marketing forces, admittance officers are sent to every secondary schools to advance their plans. Students are bombarded with alive media presentations, colourful booklets, and a smattering of application signifiers, freebees are even given. Despite these enthusiastic attempts on the portion of these colleges and universities, high school pupils are impressed but still non good educated. Harmonizing to Salazar-Clemena ( 2002 ) career-related instruction jobs among Filipino striplings remains mostly unchanged since assorted calling related plans both in the educational and industrial establishments were implemented, jobs which are categorized as sociological ( unwise pick of class ) , psychological ( low dignity ) , and general ( deficiency of abilities and accomplishments ) . The job lies with excessively much commerce of the plan. This essay will non concentrate on the thought of positive and negative positions on educational entrepreneurship, but instead magnifying colleges and universities ‘ faulty debut of college instruction to pupils. San Diego ‘s survey mentioned that alternatively of lending to the calling indecisivenesss of the pupils, we should look into factors on how we should understand and assist our high school alumnuss clarify their ends and come up with a probationary personal calling program. In the said survey, he mentioned that we can assist a adolescent by placing certain cardinal factors that contributes to their experiences of calling determination devising. San Diego studied pupils enrolled in his personality effectiveness 2 categories. He distributed questionnaires to a group of Filipinos, Chinese-Filipinos, and Korean pupils. The questionnaire contain 30 inquiry and points that trades with grounds what made the respondents chose their class, the nature of their course/program, the stairss they took in make up one's minding what class to take, the influence of important others, and other factors that affects their experiences in determination devising. There were 10 Filipinos, 10 Chinese-Filipinos, and 10 Korean pupils returned questionnaires quickly. Each respondent was chosen based on their blood line and race, and age bracket, which is from 18 to 21 old ages old ; all respondents were full clip pupils in a university.What class to take?San Diego analyzed the subjects that emerged from the calling narrations of Asiatic striplings. The consequences showed that the primary ground why they enrolled in a course/program is fundamentally t heir sensed command of a certain accomplishments, their academic ego efficaciousness and professional function related involvements. A female Korean pupil enrolled in BS educational psychological science plan mentioned that â€Å" the class is more on research and guidance accomplishments † and that since childhood she has dispositions to assisting her friends and being fact-finding makes her like the research portion of the plan. A Filipino pupil enrolled in BS Electronics and Communications Engineering wrote in his paper that â€Å" basking mathematics and his involvement in electronics and doing both theory and application be integrated to plan a complex appliance † is truly a delectation for him. Germeijs and De Boeck ( 2003 ) suggested that pupils should hold adequate information about the options and results of their calling picks to forestall calling indecisivenesss.On parents ‘ adviceSan Diego identified that Asiatic striplings respected their parents as authorization figure and ever seek advice from household members about calling information. It shows the Asiatic collectivized influence even in taking what course/program to take in college. This behaviour is perceived as negative in Western states and could be a mark of dependence ( Mau, 2000 ) . A female Korean pupil enrolled in an instruction class acknowledges that parents influenced them what plan to take. It was besides how their parents show concern and to avoid experience of work troubles in the hereafter. In the Chinese-Filipino households an stripling should demo obeisance to cultivate close household ties. In state of affairs where the stripling needs to take what to inscribe, a Chinese-Filipina pupil mentioned that â€Å" I asked my parents and elder siblings for advice and I besides consider what calling chances my class could take me after collegeaˆÂ ¦ I am trusting to acquire a high place in our household concern † . In instances where an stripling does n on like the option given by their parents they ended with taking what they think is good for them. â€Å" My parents would hold wanted me to take a different courseaˆÂ ¦ . I deal with my parents ‘ outlooks by making good in category and demo them my high classs and seek non to neglect in any topic. My parents believed that I could non do it to that class that I have chosen but one manner or the other I will turn out them incorrect † by a Chinese-Filipino pupil taking legal direction and shortly wants to purse a jurisprudence grade. San Diego noted that among groups, Filipino pupils identified their parents as collaborative and giving them adequate freedom to take what class they want. Based on the narrations, Filipino parents are perceived as less important compared to Chinese-Filipino parents. A Filipino pupil taking Industrial Management Engineering is grateful â€Å" before. I was greatly open for my hereafter, I did n't cognize what the right class is for me, my male parent is a civil applied scientist, and he helped me in researching and garnering calling information and weighed my options†¦ † San Diego explained that parents are of import every bit good as critical factor in supplying support, and information to striplings in passage, such as in happening and taking career/program. Harmonizing to Schultheisset ( 2001 ) that positive parental behaviours promotes stripling ‘s positive attitude towards calling development. Parents who are promoting and assisting in the procedure of placing their stripling ‘s calling picks promote motive for calling readying ( Phillips, 2002 ) .Bing self-critical and why non?San Diego compared subjects emerged among three groups and identified those Chinese-Filipino respondents as more self-critical as compared to Filipino and Korean student-respondents. Although San Diego noted that across groups all have narrations of self-criticisms. This construct of self-criticism is linked with their ain subjective sense of readiness after college graduation and their willingness to be readily immersed in the work life. Kitayama, Markus, Matsumoto, and Norasakkunkit ( 1997 ) argued that Asians who critically evaluate themselves may hold positive societal and psychological effects and this could be rooted from the Asian collectivized civilization. While in the survey of Mau ( 2000 ) collectivized civilization may suppress the development of person ‘s sense of self-efficacy. San Diego looks into the narrations of Chinese-Filipino and fo und several self- unfavorable judgment subjects. Students who seem to hold low self-esteem tend to hold narrations of self-criticisms as good, that lead to self-loathing. A Chinese-Filipino pupil remarked that â€Å" The job is the impulse non to analyze and merely rotter, and do n't hold the feel to larn more than what is required of me † â€Å" I am non ready to take full duties and do determinations for myselfaˆÂ ¦ I still necessitate more clip † .Fantasy to specificsSan Diego noted subjects from the narrations such as calling phantasy turning into calling particulars. In fact, this subject explained the striplings ‘ pre-crystallization stage of calling development as pointed out by Super. Advertising major mentioned â€Å" My childhood dreams was influenced by the playthings that I played and from the films that I watched. I was amazed with pilots. As of now my calling dreams was influenced by my professor, Doc. Nards, who is a successful advertizer and worked with the top advertizers in our state † . Play activities and related involvements, and media ( Television, Radio, and Print ) are noted by San Diego as preliminary activities where teens may research their calling options. It is in the formal college instruction where striplings derive exposure and reflect on their future calling aspirations. It is apparent where most respondents made reference that a professor, a high school instructor, a professional, or even a parent influenced them to prosecute a more professional image. Lent, Brown, and Hackett ( 1996 ) clarified that striplings ‘ calling individuality is a procedure whereby an single learns from detecting behaviours from important function theoretical accounts, non merely that, because Super ( 1980 ) gave importance to the societal procedures involved in calling development.The manner to successIn the survey, San Diego noted how respondents gave intending to career success. Each group of adolescents provid ed their ain positions of what it means to derive calling success. San Diego carefully analyzed success significance among respondents. It was noted that success was instilled by their parents as an accomplishment from difficult work and doggedness and giving importance to calling. It was apparent by how respondents identified their success intending units: â€Å" A successful individual has an undeniable work moralss and unquestionable occupation enthusiasm † â€Å" I admire a successful individual ‘s positive head the most. I think it is traveling to be helpful both in my calling and my personal life because it eases the manner I see the universe † â€Å" They are really good in catching opportunities, being non afraid that they might neglect † . Success as noted by San Diego was injected from external factors but is assimilated by Asiatic striplings while working with their calling ends. Mau ( 2000 ) explained that Asiatic pupils may impute success to t heir best attempts as compared to American pupils who gives overemphasis to their endowments and accomplishments.Valuess instilledSan Diego besides looked into how the collectivized civilization may impact their rules at work. Since the respondents are all at the in-between stage of their surveies prior to graduation, an point was used to place what specific work values and factors might actuate them in the hereafter. Comparing subjects across groups, San Diego noted that Chinese-Filipino respondents give much accent to occupation position, fiscal additions, and household issues. A Chinese-Filipina wrote in her paper â€Å" I think that my household merely believes that whatever calling or class we choose it must take to high fiscal compensation and a calling where we wo n't merely go employees but employers † . Filipino respondents on the other manus differs to some extent because it was noted that respondents would value work environment, occupation stableness, developing p assion, unity at work, and smooth interpersonal relationships. A Filipino pupil taking accounting mentioned that â€Å" I value most is self-fulfillment I would acquire in come ining that calling. For me, self-realization is the most indispensable thing a individual can hold. Money is non that important, but more of workplace, colleagues, and your unity at work † . Korean respondents value work accomplishment, high success rate, and household as primary focal point in the hereafter. The consequence gained by San Diego in Chinese-Filipino respondents was similar to what Leong ( 1991 ) mentioned that Asiatic American pupils placed greater accent on external factors such as fiscal additions, occupation position, prestigiousness and occupation security values than their Caucasic opposite numbers. Overall, the survey of San Diego shed visible radiation into some factors to see in helping Asiatic striplings ‘ calling determination devising. Several cardinal stakeholders may work efficaciously to reply the calling demands of graduating high school pupils. For illustration, admittance office and calling reding office of an educational establishment may originate plans to break pass on their class plans giving accent to what class plan can offer. It means lucubrating on accomplishments, end products, information and cognition that can be acquired and what one needs to be proficient of. In add-on to this, a college or university should assist parents by giving them a calling information session about what their striplings are taking up, the primary occupations they most likely to take after graduation, and the capableness of the plan to be used in a assortment of scenes. Likewise, Salazar-Clemena ( 1997 ) suggested an alternate theoretical account of calling reding based on h ousehold values and perceptual experiences ( false thoughts and outlooks about economic sciences position, and calling determination doing ) therefore taking to household calling guidance. There is ever a tendency that if a college pupil bead, or switch to another class they will pick a class which do non suits to their abilities, involvements, demands, outlooks, and efficaciousness. Others wait till they graduate and pursue a different profession of their pick. A university calling reding plan may desire to escalate their educational calling intercessions non merely by giving pupils Job Expo but by really managing instances of pupil ‘s calling indecisivenesss from the really start pupil applies in the admittances office. Deal with root jobs ( e.g. self unfavorable judgment, low academic ego efficaciousness, low ego regard, parent desiring another class for the pupil, acculturational emphasis ) instead than superficial factors of calling indecisivenesss in every shifting instance. On a personal degree, calling counsellors may concentrate their attending on calling resiliency every bit early as possible. Waterman, Waterman and Collard ( 1996 ) described career resiliency as an person ‘s ability to place personal strengths and failings, the capableness to be value-driven, demo enthusiasm for farther acquisition, going future-oriented, ability to acquire good with others every bit good as going flexible. This can be done through a duologue between counsellors and educational decision makers to inculcate calling planning and development across topics taken. Different grounds might emerge why adolescent possibly may non be able to accomplish their calling ends. In assorted career-related studies, a job was pointed out by Salazar-Clemena ( 2002 ) that due to poorness and deficiency of fiscal agencies, parents opted to direct their striplings to low-quality colleges and universities and finished early so that they can assist in household disbursals and in assisting their siblings to complete schooling. In San Diego ‘s survey, International pupils such as Koreans, Indonesians, Taiwanese and Chinese pupils was sent to nearby Asiatic states such as the Philippines due to economic crises. Parents of international pupils choose to avail of cheaper instruction regardless of distance, civilization and emphasis. In this respect, this should non be used as come-ons among shady educational establishments to advance their plans. In world a batch of these fast ones are pretentious and most are merely assuring a good hereafter for student-applica nts. A responsible educational establishment should and must be honorable and will non do concern out of instruction. Their chief duty is to go cardinal facilitators to prospective pupils towards the fulfilment of their personal and professional ends and in the future allow them harvest their dreams as it become their most cherish world.